Winsock Examples

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Examples

Winsock 1

gethtttp.c

//
// GetHTTP.cpp
//
// Retrieves a file using the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
// and prints its contents to stdout.
//

//
// Pass the server name and full path of the file on the 
// command line and redirect the output to a file. The program
// prints messages to stderr as it progresses.
//
// Example:
//		GetHTTP www.idgbooks.com /index.html > index.html
//

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <winsock.h>


void GetHTTP(LPCSTR lpServerName, LPCSTR lpFileName);

// Helper macro for displaying errors
#define PRINTERROR(s)	\
		fprintf(stderr,"\n%: %d\n", s, WSAGetLastError())

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	WORD wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(1,1);
	WSADATA wsaData;
	int nRet;

	//
	// Check arguments
	//
	if (argc != 3)
	{
		fprintf(stderr,
			"\nSyntax: GetHTTP ServerName FullPathName\n");
		return;
	}

	//
	// Initialize WinSock.dll
	//
	nRet = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
	if (nRet)
	{
		fprintf(stderr,"\nWSAStartup(): %d\n", nRet);
		WSACleanup();
		return;
	}
	
	//
	// Check WinSock version
	//
	if (wsaData.wVersion != wVersionRequested)
	{
		fprintf(stderr,"\nWinSock version not supported\n");
		WSACleanup();
		return;
	}

	//
	// Set "stdout" to binary mode
	// so that redirection will work
	// for .gif and .jpg files
	//
	_setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY);

	//
	// Call GetHTTP() to do all the work
	//
	GetHTTP(argv[1], argv[2]);

	//
	// Release WinSock
	//
	WSACleanup();
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

void GetHTTP(LPCSTR lpServerName, LPCSTR lpFileName)
{
	//
	// Use inet_addr() to determine if we're dealing with a name
	// or an address
	//
	IN_ADDR		iaHost;
	LPHOSTENT	lpHostEntry;

	iaHost.s_addr = inet_addr(lpServerName);
	if (iaHost.s_addr == INADDR_NONE)
	{
		// Wasn't an IP address string, assume it is a name
		lpHostEntry = gethostbyname(lpServerName);
	}
	else
	{
		// It was a valid IP address string
		lpHostEntry = gethostbyaddr((const char *)&iaHost, 
						sizeof(struct in_addr), AF_INET);
	}
	if (lpHostEntry == NULL)
	{
		PRINTERROR("gethostbyname()");
		return;
	}


	//	
	// Create a TCP/IP stream socket
	//
	SOCKET	Socket;	

	Socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
	if (Socket == INVALID_SOCKET)
	{
		PRINTERROR("socket()"); 
		return;
	}


	//
	// Find the port number for the HTTP service on TCP
	//
	LPSERVENT lpServEnt;
	SOCKADDR_IN saServer;

	lpServEnt = getservbyname("http", "tcp");
	if (lpServEnt == NULL)
		saServer.sin_port = htons(80);
	else
		saServer.sin_port = lpServEnt->s_port;


	//
	// Fill in the rest of the server address structure
	//
	saServer.sin_family = AF_INET;
	saServer.sin_addr = *((LPIN_ADDR)*lpHostEntry->h_addr_list);


	//
	// Connect the socket
	//
	int nRet;

	nRet = connect(Socket, (LPSOCKADDR)&saServer, sizeof(SOCKADDR_IN));
	if (nRet == SOCKET_ERROR)
	{
		PRINTERROR("connect()");
		closesocket(Socket);
		return;
	}

	
	//
	// Format the HTTP request
	//
	char szBuffer[1024];

	sprintf(szBuffer, "GET %s\n", lpFileName);
	nRet = send(Socket, szBuffer, strlen(szBuffer), 0);
	if (nRet == SOCKET_ERROR)
	{
		PRINTERROR("send()");
		closesocket(Socket);	
		return;
	}

	//
	// Receive the file contents and print to stdout
	//
	while(1)
	{
		// Wait to receive, nRet = NumberOfBytesReceived
		nRet = recv(Socket, szBuffer, sizeof(szBuffer), 0);
		if (nRet == SOCKET_ERROR)
		{
			PRINTERROR("recv()");
			break;
		}

		fprintf(stderr,"\nrecv() returned %d bytes", nRet);

		// Did the server close the connection?
		if (nRet == 0)
			break;
		// Write to stdout
        fwrite(szBuffer, nRet, 1, stdout);
	}
	closesocket(Socket);	
}

ping.c

//
// PING.C -- Ping program using ICMP and RAW Sockets
//

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <winsock.h>

#include "ping.h"

// Internal Functions
void Ping(LPCSTR pstrHost);
void ReportError(LPCSTR pstrFrom);
int  WaitForEchoReply(SOCKET s);
u_short in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len);

// ICMP Echo Request/Reply functions
int		SendEchoRequest(SOCKET, LPSOCKADDR_IN);
DWORD	RecvEchoReply(SOCKET, LPSOCKADDR_IN, u_char *);


// main()
void main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    WSADATA wsaData;
    WORD wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(1,1);
    int nRet;

	// Check arguments
    if (argc != 2)
    {
		fprintf(stderr,"\nUsage: ping hostname\n");
		return;
    }

	// Init WinSock
    nRet = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
    if (nRet)
    {
		fprintf(stderr,"\nError initializing WinSock\n");
		return;
    }

	// Check version
	if (wsaData.wVersion != wVersionRequested)
	{
		fprintf(stderr,"\nWinSock version not supported\n");
		return;
	}

	// Go do the ping
	Ping(argv[1]);

	// Free WinSock
    WSACleanup();
}


// Ping()
// Calls SendEchoRequest() and
// RecvEchoReply() and prints results
void Ping(LPCSTR pstrHost)
{
	SOCKET	  rawSocket;
	LPHOSTENT lpHost;
	struct    sockaddr_in saDest;
	struct    sockaddr_in saSrc;
	DWORD	  dwTimeSent;
	DWORD	  dwElapsed;
	u_char    cTTL;
	int       nLoop;
	int       nRet;

	// Create a Raw socket
	rawSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP);
	if (rawSocket == SOCKET_ERROR) 
	{
		ReportError("socket()");
		return;
	}
	
	// Lookup host
	lpHost = gethostbyname(pstrHost);
	if (lpHost == NULL)
	{
		fprintf(stderr,"\nHost not found: %s\n", pstrHost);
		return;
	}
	
	// Setup destination socket address
	saDest.sin_addr.s_addr = *((u_long FAR *) (lpHost->h_addr));
	saDest.sin_family = AF_INET;
	saDest.sin_port = 0;

	// Tell the user what we're doing
	printf("\nPinging %s [%s] with %d bytes of data:\n",
				pstrHost,
				inet_ntoa(saDest.sin_addr),
				REQ_DATASIZE);

	// Ping multiple times
	for (nLoop = 0; nLoop < 4; nLoop++)
	{
		// Send ICMP echo request
		SendEchoRequest(rawSocket, &saDest);

		// Use select() to wait for data to be received
		nRet = WaitForEchoReply(rawSocket);
		if (nRet == SOCKET_ERROR)
		{
			ReportError("select()");
			break;
		}
		if (!nRet)
		{
			printf("\nTimeOut");
			break;
		}

		// Receive reply
		dwTimeSent = RecvEchoReply(rawSocket, &saSrc, &cTTL);

		// Calculate elapsed time
		dwElapsed = GetTickCount() - dwTimeSent;
		printf("\nReply from: %s: bytes=%d time=%ldms TTL=%d", 
               inet_ntoa(saSrc.sin_addr), 
			   REQ_DATASIZE,
               dwElapsed,
               cTTL);
	}
	printf("\n");
	nRet = closesocket(rawSocket);
	if (nRet == SOCKET_ERROR)
		ReportError("closesocket()");
}


// SendEchoRequest()
// Fill in echo request header
// and send to destination
int SendEchoRequest(SOCKET s,LPSOCKADDR_IN lpstToAddr) 
{
	static ECHOREQUEST echoReq;
	static nId = 1;
	static nSeq = 1;
	int nRet;

	// Fill in echo request
	echoReq.icmpHdr.Type		= ICMP_ECHOREQ;
	echoReq.icmpHdr.Code		= 0;
	echoReq.icmpHdr.Checksum	= 0;
	echoReq.icmpHdr.ID			= nId++;
	echoReq.icmpHdr.Seq			= nSeq++;

	// Fill in some data to send
	for (nRet = 0; nRet < REQ_DATASIZE; nRet++)
		echoReq.cData[nRet] = ' '+nRet;

	// Save tick count when sent
	echoReq.dwTime				= GetTickCount();

	// Put data in packet and compute checksum
	echoReq.icmpHdr.Checksum = in_cksum((u_short *)&echoReq, sizeof(ECHOREQUEST));

	// Send the echo request  								  
	nRet = sendto(s,						/* socket */
				 (LPSTR)&echoReq,			/* buffer */
				 sizeof(ECHOREQUEST),
				 0,							/* flags */
				 (LPSOCKADDR)lpstToAddr, /* destination */
				 sizeof(SOCKADDR_IN));   /* address length */

	if (nRet == SOCKET_ERROR) 
		ReportError("sendto()");
	return (nRet);
}


// RecvEchoReply()
// Receive incoming data
// and parse out fields
DWORD RecvEchoReply(SOCKET s, LPSOCKADDR_IN lpsaFrom, u_char *pTTL) 
{
	ECHOREPLY echoReply;
	int nRet;
	int nAddrLen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);

	// Receive the echo reply	
	nRet = recvfrom(s,					// socket
					(LPSTR)&echoReply,	// buffer
					sizeof(ECHOREPLY),	// size of buffer
					0,					// flags
					(LPSOCKADDR)lpsaFrom,	// From address
					&nAddrLen);			// pointer to address len

	// Check return value
	if (nRet == SOCKET_ERROR) 
		ReportError("recvfrom()");

	// return time sent and IP TTL
	*pTTL = echoReply.ipHdr.TTL;
	return(echoReply.echoRequest.dwTime);   		
}

// What happened?
void ReportError(LPCSTR pWhere)
{
	fprintf(stderr,"\n%s error: %d\n",
		WSAGetLastError());
}


// WaitForEchoReply()
// Use select() to determine when
// data is waiting to be read
int WaitForEchoReply(SOCKET s)
{
	struct timeval Timeout;
	fd_set readfds;

	readfds.fd_count = 1;
	readfds.fd_array[0] = s;
	Timeout.tv_sec = 5;
    Timeout.tv_usec = 0;

	return(select(1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, &Timeout));
}


//
// Mike Muuss' in_cksum() function
// and his comments from the original
// ping program
//
// * Author -
// *	Mike Muuss
// *	U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory
// *	December, 1983

/*
 *			I N _ C K S U M
 *
 * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version)
 *
 */
u_short in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len)
{
	register int nleft = len;
	register u_short *w = addr;
	register u_short answer;
	register int sum = 0;

	/*
	 *  Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum),
	 *  we add sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold
	 *  back all the carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower
	 *  16 bits.
	 */
	while( nleft > 1 )  {
		sum += *w++;
		nleft -= 2;
	}

	/* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */
	if( nleft == 1 ) {
		u_short	u = 0;

		*(u_char *)(&u) = *(u_char *)w ;
		sum += u;
	}

	/*
	 * add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits
	 */
	sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff);	/* add hi 16 to low 16 */
	sum += (sum >> 16);			/* add carry */
	answer = ~sum;				/* truncate to 16 bits */
	return (answer);
}
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